后掠翼三维鼓包串激波控制参数的影响

针对跨声速后掠翼,三维鼓包串作为一种有效的减阻方式具有结构简单、高效及鲁棒性好等优点.利用全局优化算法探索了鼓包设计参数空间的整体特性,并对鼓包长度、三维鼓包展向设计参数对鼓包减阻效果的影响进行了研究,发现鼓包顶点位置和高度对阻力系数最敏感,三维鼓包的展向设计参数则对阻力系数不敏感,而鼓包长度和鼓包相对展长越长越有利于减阻.在此基础上开展了小后掠角自然层流机翼加3种不同类型鼓包串的优化研究,通过优化结果发现,增加优化后的三维鼓包串,可将小后掠角自然层流机翼阻力发散马赫数向后推移,并且鼓包平均长度和控制区越大,效果越好.三维鼓包串具有良好的局部控制特性,可用于局部较强激波的抑制.三维鼓包串对常规后掠翼波阻具有良好的控制效果,同时能够抑制激波诱导的机翼后缘气流分离.      

翼吊短舱形式发动机安装效应的风洞试验研究

为了确定实际飞行使用条件下,发动机状态变化时,进排气系统损失对飞机气动特性的影响,本文针对翼吊短舱形式的发动机开展了缩比模型风洞试验,分别进行了基本构型与起飞构型下,马赫数0.1、0.15、0.2,攻角0°~15°变化,5种不同发动机状态条件下的风洞试验,通过数据分析,明确了该类型发动机推/阻力划分的基本方法,分析了发动机状态变化时飞机气动特性的改变及修正方法。风洞试验结果表明：发动机状态变化对飞机升阻特性影响明显,飞机设计研发阶段不能仅对短舱通流模型,或单一发动机状态下的动力短舱模型进行损失修正,必须建立合理的推/阻划分体系,对实际使用条件下,发动机状态变化引起的进排气损失进行修正。     

共轴式直升机桨毂阻力特性与减阻试验

共轴式直升机桨毂阻力占全机废阻的50%以上,因此有必要对桨毂阻力特性和减阻设计进行研究。 通过对某共轴式直升机桨毂模型、减阻方案及减阻方案加装涡流发生器进行风洞试验,研究轴式直升机桨毂的 阻力特性,验证减阻方案及减阻方案加装涡流发生器的减阻效果。结果表明:桨毂支臂方位角、转速和攻角变 化对桨毂及其减阻方案的阻力影响很小;上下桨毂整流罩与中间轴整流罩之间的缝隙对阻力影响比较大;减阻 方案可以降低约33%的桨毂阻力,而加装涡流发生器的减阻效果并不明显。     

细长杆降低超声速客机气动噪声的数值分析

在超声速客机机头加装适当的细长杆可以降低飞行噪声。本文借助基于AUSM+格式的准三维数值模拟手段对7组13种细长杆方案做了分析比较,总结出了近场气体参数与远场气体参数之间的关系的规律。文章还从气体动力学理论和激波理论出发,对数值模拟结果作了解释,并揭示了细长杆降噪效果与细长杆外形的内在联系,以及近场、远场两者关系的经验公式。文章从各种方案中选取了降噪效果较好的细长杆方案做三维流场分析,并通过流固耦合计算对其结构强度做了校核,验证了方案的可行性。     

Shock protection of penetrator-based instrumentation via a sublimation approach

It is often necessary for space-borne instrumentation to cope with substantial levels of shock acceleration both in the initial launch phase, as well as during entry, descent and landing in the case of planetary exploration. Current plans for a new generation of penetrator-based space missions will subject the associated on-board instrumentation to far greater levels of shock, and ways must therefore be found to either ruggedize or else protect any sensitive components during the impact phase. In this paper, we present an innovative method of shock protection that is suited for use in a number of planetary environments, based upon the temporary encapsulation of said components within a waxy solid which may then be sublimated to return the instrument back to its normal operation. We have tested this method experimentally using micromachined silicon suspensions under applied shock loads of up to 15,000g, and found that these were able to survive without incurring damage. Furthermore, quality factor measurements undertaken on these suspensions indicate that their mechanical performance remains unaffected by the encapsulation and subsequent sublimation process.     

翼尖装置优化设计研究

使用面元法气动分析软件VSAERO对机翼与翼梢小翼组合体模型进行数值模拟,并采用Steve Smith提出的诱导阻力优化方法对翼梢小翼的定位进行优化设计。结果表明,能够有效地预测出翼梢小翼的最优定位,在翼梢小翼优化设计中具有很好的适用性。     

简化微小液滴在超声速气流横向喷射中的运动探索

从研究超声速气流中简化液滴(刚性小球)的气动力着手,比较分析使用CFD方法与使用两相流理论中已有的颗粒阻力系数模型得到的简化液滴气动力结果,得出Charles B.Henderson给出的阻力系数经验关系式适用于计算简化液滴在超声速气流中的运动。进一步,对不同直径简化液滴的运动开展工程方法的计算。在来流Ma=2.7的二维平板超声速流场中选取一个截面,作为气相流场,结果显示:(1)简化液滴与主气流存在相对超声速运动,当简化液滴直径dk≤0.12mm时,纵向相对超声速运动区域约为0.15m~0.4m,当dk0.12mm时,作用区域明显增大;(2)以10m/s喷射出的简化液滴,其横向穿透深度与纵向运动距离比约为0.004m/1m~0.021m/1m;(3)以100m/s的速度喷射出的30~120μm直径简化液滴,其横向穿透深度与纵向运动距离比约为0.02m/1m~0.055m/1m,实际过程中,小尺寸简化液滴的汽化很快,其穿透深度很小。     

风力机组叶片的先进翼型族设计

大型风力机组叶片设计需要专用的翼型族,以满足风力机组运行的环境要求。高升阻比、低粗糙度影响是该翼型族的气动性能特点。为了发展我国具有自主知识产权的风力机专用翼型族,在科技部863项目的支持下,北京航空航天大学联合国内气动研究单位,通过理论分析、数值模拟和风洞试验等技术途径,开发了两个适用于大型风力机组叶片的先进翼型族。理论分析和风洞试验表明,设计结果基本达到了预先设定的气动性能指标。     

水气动量交换的实验研究

在风浪槽中进行水气动量交换实验，测量了不同风速和风区下的波浪及空气湍流流场。测量数据表明水面上风速分布符合对数律，水气界面附近在小范围的动量交换常通量层。阻力系数ＣＤ随风速增加线性增长，随波龄增加而减小。这一趋向与理论分析及外海帝测结果一致。对风浪发展过程中波浪和空气湍流谱结构的分析证明了水气运动的耦合关系。     

Global aerodynamic design optimization based on data dimensionality reduction

In aerodynamic optimization, global optimization methods such as genetic algorithms are preferred in many cases because of their advantage on reaching global optimum. However, for complex problems in which large number of design variables are needed, the computational cost becomes prohibitive, and thus original global optimization strategies are required. To address this need, data dimensionality reduction method is combined with global optimization methods, thus forming a new global optimization system, aiming to improve the efficiency of conventional global optimization. The new optimization system involves applying Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) in dimensionality reduction of design space while maintaining the generality of original design space. Besides, an acceleration approach for samples calculation in surrogate modeling is applied to reduce the computational time while providing sufficient accuracy. The optimizations of a transonic airfoil RAE2822 and the transonic wing ONERA M6 are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new optimization system. In both cases, we manage to reduce the number of design variables from 20 to 10 and from 42 to 20 respectively. The new design optimization system converges faster and it takes 1/3 of the total time of traditional optimization to converge to a better design, thus significantly reducing the overall optimization time and improving the efficiency of conventional global design optimization method.